公德私德研究——兼评张华夏和盛庆琜的道德理论

Public and Private Morality: A Study

本文首先给出关于“公德”和“私德”的定义,公德的定义是:可以借助于理性推理加以评价或辩护的道德行为或道德规范,其标准是增进最多数人的最大利益。私德的定义是:必须惜助于情感直觉加以评价或辨护的道德行为或道德规范,其标准是增进他人的利益。然后简要介绍张华夏和盛庆(?)教授的道德理论,并进行比较和改进,把二者结合为一个新的道德模型,从而把公德和私德统一起来。一个好的道德系统应当是:以公德为主而以私德为辅。

I first give my definitions of public and private morality on the basis of Hampshire's two concepts of moral thinking------explicit reasoning and implicit reasoning. The definitions are: Public morality is the moral actions or norms that is able to be valued or justified on rational reasoning, and its criterion is to promote the interests of the most people. Private morality is the moral actions or norms that is able to be valued or justified on e-motional intuitions, and its criterion is to promote the interests of other people. After that, I introduce the moral systems advanced respectively by professors Zhang Huaxia and Sheng Qinglai. I improve and combine their mathematical models, and thus form a new moral system that unites public and private morality. It is advocated that public morality should be primary while private morality secondary for a good moral system.