高速列车车轴-轴承温度特性及弛缓机理

Investigation on temperature characteristic and relaxation mechanism for high-speed train axle-bearing system

针对高速列车运行过程中的车轴-轴承普遍存在的弛缓现象,从温度角度揭示弛缓产生机理,并给出预防措施。采用ABAQUS软件对工作条件下轴-轴承温度特性有限元建模,并仿真分析轴承各部件在不同车速下不同的温升情况,结合材料膨胀系数测试试验和温升与轴承内圈膨胀量关系试验的方法,得出车轴、轴承内圈的膨胀量与温度的匹配关系。仿真和试验结果表明:在温升的作用下,车轴-轴承内圈的过盈量会出现一定程度的减小。最终获得温升对车轴-轴承内圈过盈量的影响规律,揭示弛缓产生的机理并从过盈量和温度两个角度给出指导参数。

For the mechanism of axle-bearing relaxation which was easy to occur in high-speed train was revealed and the preventive measures were given. In this paper,the finite element model of temperature characteristics of shaft-bearing under working conditions was established and evaluated with ABAQUS. And bearing components' temperature rise under different speeds was analysized. Combined with the material expansion coefficient test experiment and the experiment for getting matching relations between temperature rise and the bearing inner ring quantity expansion,the temperature field variation characteristics for working components of locomotive were studied. The results of simulation and experiment showed that the amount of interference between the axle and bearing inner ring was reduced with the influence of temperature rise. Finally,the influence between temperature rise and axle-bearing was obtained. The mechanism of relaxation was revealed and the guiding parameters of interference and temperature were given.