《毛传》标兴本义考

The Textual Research of Xing's Original Meaning in Maozhuan

《毛传》标兴说诗开启了后人对《诗经》表现方法的研究。《毛传》未明确诠释其所标兴之涵义,后人据其所标兴句推断兴之本义,或曰“发端加譬喻”,或曰“触物以起情”,众说纷纭,分歧甚大。本文对《毛传》所标116兴的位置、性质及其对所标兴句的解释进行系统考辨,发现《毛传》所标兴不尽是结构起辞之发端,兴之位置灵活自由;不尽是“触物起情”,也可移情于物,索物托情;也不尽是本体喻体存相似关系之“譬喻”,也可因内我外物之相关而起兴。据《毛传》所标兴及其对兴句的解释可大致推知《毛传》所标兴之特征:1.从兴句性质看,兴句皆为喻体或与社会本体相关之外物,本体不出现。2.从兴句与兴意关系看,或相似,或相关。3.从兴句的功能看,起发已心,感发志意。故曰《毛传》所标兴之本义为:借与已意相似或相关之物、事以起情。文章还分析了《毛传》标兴说诗的文化根源与文学价值。

It's known to all that labeling xing in Maohuan initiated the study of the way of expression in the Book of Songs. Though Maozhuan didn't make clear what the meaning of Xing was, later generations concluded the original meaning of Xing from the poems. Somebody said the function of xing was to express sentiment in the beginning of a poem or to mark some metaphOor, others said it only expressed sentiment, and so on. My paper identified 117 locations labeled as xing in Maozhuan and studied their character carefully . I found Xing not only expressed sentiment in the beginning of a poem and marked some metaphors , but also could operate because of the correlation between the self and others. Therefore, we can draw a conclusion from the explanation of 117 Kings labeled in the Books of Songs. Firstly, from the character of the sentences labeled xing, we can find the self was hidden andxings were nonego relating noumenon and figurative things. Secondly, from the relation between sentences and explanation of xing, we found that some xings resembled with each oter, some are related. Thirdly, from the function of sentences labeled xing, we can find xings expressed sentiment from the heart. So, my paper argues xings expressed sentiment in virtue of similar or correlative things. The paper analyses the origin and value of labeling xings in Maozhuan as well.