“我正悲秋,汝又伤春矣!”——宋词主题研究之一

I am feeling sad for autumn while you are feeling sentimental for spring."——One of the Theme Study of Song Poems

“伤春”与“悲秋”这一传统的文学主题在宋词中表现得非常集中、强烈。其中的“伤春”主题大致有两方面的内容 ,有的旨在抒写时代哀感 ,有的重在表现身世之悲。前者主要产生在风雨飘摇的乱离时期 ,针对性较强 ;后者则是特定环境下某种情绪的流露 ,意义指向是多元的 ,但与“忧生之嗟”更为相近。而“悲秋”的心理指向主要定位在“感士不遇”方面 ,在南宋作为抗战志士的词人身上表现为更为悲郁的“英雄失路”的情怀。到了朝代鼎革的宋元之际 ,词人“悲秋”更多的是将“悲身世之秋”与“悲时代之秋”打并在一起。

The traditional literary theme of 'grieving over spring' and 'mourning for autumn' is expressed very intensively and strongly in Song poems. The theme of 'grieving over spring' mainly includes two aspects: One is expressing the grief over the turbulent period. Another mostly describes the miseries of the poets' life experience. While the theme of 'mourning for autumn' aims at the unfairness of the poets' having unrecognized talents. In the poems of Southern Song, it was represented as the feeling of 'heroes were not valued'. During the transition of Song and Yuan dynasty,the poets mainly combined the sentiment of the life experience with the period.