北宋三衙的地位、待遇及其政治作用

The Three Commands in the Northern Song Dynasty:Their Positions,Treatments and Political Function

北宋三衙在俸禄、恩荫、礼制等方面始终享有较高的待遇 ,但其政治地位却以仁宗朝“庆历新政”为界 ,经过了由低重新趋高的变化过程 ,中经英宗、神宗、哲宗三朝 ,至徽宗朝达到顶点。不过 ,由于北宋以“重文轻武”为国策 ,严禁武人干政 ,其作用被严格限制在军事领域 ,参政、议政权基本上被剥夺。但由于三衙处于统领京畿禁军的特殊地位 ,其在皇权更迭的政治斗争当中亦不可避免地发挥着难以低估的影响。特别是从仁宗朝之后 ,往往是与宰相同心协力 ,有利、有节地发挥了其握有军事实力的威慑力 ,多次起到了稳定当时政局的良好作用。这是北宋政治运作趋向文明化、理性化的重要体现之一。

The three commands in the Northern Song Dynasty receive a higher treatment in salary, benefit and institutions, whereas their political position, starting from the ' Qingli New Deal' in the period of Emperor Ren , undergoes a process from low to high and reaches its climax in the period of Emperor Hui through the periods of Emperor Ying , Emperor Shen and Emperor Zhe . However, as the Northern Song dynasty pays more emphasis on military than on civil affairs, strictly prohibit military men from interfering with politics confines their role in military area. Nevertheless, with their special position in commanding the imperial guard troops, the military men inevitably plays a hardly underestimated in the struggle of the change of power. Especially after the period of Emperor Ren , cooperated with the prime minister, they often exert their influences to stabilize the political situation. This is one of the basic demonstration that the political operation in the Northern Song dynasty orients to civilization and rationalization.