社会转型背景下社团发展的机遇与约束

The Opportunities and Constraints for Popular Organizations in the Process of China Social Transformation

改革开放和社会转型显现出社会对社团的需要,并为社团提供了自由生长和发展的空间和多元化资源获得的途径,此为社团的发展带来了机遇。然而,与此同时,政府通过政治和行政资源的辐射力控制了社团合法性的获得,并将这种控制加以制度化,也约束了社团的进一步发展。造成社团生长发展的处在机遇与约束中的根本原因在于,其所处的制度环境是由改革开放引起的社会转型的背景下建构的。因此政府一方面要释放部分垄断的空间与资源,另一方面又通过对政治、行政等稀缺资源辐射力的控制,约束社团的发展,并依据合法性的需要对社团进行选择性支持。

The reforming and opening and social transformation motivate the social demand for the popular organizations ,creating spaces for survival and development, and supplying necessary multiple resources ;but the government constraints the organizations' legitimacy, and institutionalizes the constraining. The prime cause which brings the opportunities coupled with constraints lies in the background under which the government reforms and opens to reconstruct its sovereignty legitimacy ; on the one hand the government releases some monopolistic spaces and resources for the popular organizations, and on the other hand offers optional support on its demand of sovereignty legitimacy,and confines their development by controlling the reallocation of rare resources.