战略环境评价的方法体系探讨

Approach on the Methodologies of Strategic Environmental Assessment

战略环境评价(SEA)是环境影响评价在战略层次(政策、规划、计划)的拓展和应用,它对于从源头上控制环境问题的产生,实现区域可持续发展具有重要意义。文章初步建立了适合于SEA实践的实用方法体系。首先,通过分析SEA技术方法的特点,对可应用于SEA的方法加以选择,在此基础上,结合战略环境评价的基本程序(即战略筛选、影响识别、影响预测、综合评价、累积影响评价和公众参与),提出了SEA方法体系的基本框架。在对各类方法比较分析的基础上,总结了SEA的可用方法集,最后分析了各技术方法的主要优点和不足,以及适用于SEA的阶段。这些SEA的技术方法将为SEA的实践提供一定的技术上的支持,具有可操作性,但尚需实例研究的验证与补充。

Building the methodologic system of Strategic En- vironmental Assessment (SEA) is one of the key steps for successful implementation of SEA. This paper firstly analyzed the characteristics of the methods of SEA,then proposed the framework of methodologic system based on the procedures of SEA. The characteristics of each method and comparison of advantages and disadvantages of each method were discussed. Based on the research work above, the authors concluded that to choose the proper and suitable methods mainly according to the types of SEA, the significant environmental effects of strategic actions, the data accessibility and time limits should be done, and also stated that successful implementation of SEA might depend on the comprehensive integration of different methods.