从育婴堂到救济院:民国时期传统慈善事业的危机与转型——以保定育婴堂研究为中心

From Orphanage to Charity: Crisis and Change of Traditional Charity in the Republic of China, A Case Study of Orphanage in Baoding

本文以保定育婴堂研究为中心,重点讨论了民国以后政体变革、战争等因素时传统慈善事业的影响。研究认为,民国以后育婴堂在内部组织管理上已经发生了重大的变革,其中也包含了现代福利制度的因子,但是由于自身的缺陷,特别是它官僚化的管理特征,使其具有先天性的不足,在战争、政体变革等社会异常变动的冲击下,只能被动地疲于应付,并导致了最终的衰落。

Focusing on orphanage in Baoding, this paper deals with the changing charity influenced by political changes and wars in the Republic of China and argues that management of orphanage changed greatly during that period of time, including elements of modem welfare. But charity at that time was passive and finally declining because of its inborn defects and bureaucratization in the unusual social unrest of wars and political changes.