卢作孚“北碚模式”与20世纪二三十年代重庆城市变迁

Lu Zuofu's "Beibei Model" and Urban Changes in Chongqing in the 1920—30s

本文在大量翔实的资料研究基础上,从社会史与文化史相结合的视角,利用档案文献、地方史志以及大众传媒资料,从三个层面深入细致探究卢作孚"北碚模式"与20世纪二三十年代重庆城市社会生活之关系,为近代中国城市史研究提供一个内陆个案。文章分三部分:第一,展示20世纪二三十年代中国内陆最大的开埠口岸重庆城市生活变迁实况,这是一个竭力模仿上海的内陆"小上海"。"军人干政"的封闭体制无法抗拒来自"上海模式"的冲击,但军人政权的各项变革,均以维护防区体制为目标。第二,研究卢作孚和他的"北碚模式"实践。"军人干政"体制内衍生出的另类现代生活——"北碚模式",在相当程度上"辐射"重庆,成为这个封闭世界与外界交往的重要窗口。第三,总结20世纪二三十年代军人统治下的重庆城市生活呈现出浓厚的新旧杂存的转型特征,以"小上海"为荣的重庆大有被卢作孚规划的"北碚模式"取代的势头。

This paper explores connections between Lu Zuofu's 'Beibei Model' and urban changes in Chongqing in the 1920—30s from a socio-cuhural and historical perspective based on archival documents, local chronicles and mass media in order to provide an inland case for modern Chinese urban history studies. First, it draws a real picture of changing urban life in Chongqing, the largest inland trading port in China in the 1920—30s, to show how this inland 'little Shanghai' followed Shanghai in a enclosed system of 'military interfered government' that couldn't resist the temptation of 'Shanghai Model' and that all the reforms done by the military interfered government were to enforce the garrison area. Second, Lu Zuofu and his 'Beibei Model' in practice were explored to reveal a different modern life, 'Beibei Model', derived from 'military interfered government' and 'radiated' in Chongqing to certain extent as an important 'window' of the enclosed area to the outside world. Third, Urban life in Chongqing at that time had a remarkable characteristics of transformation as a complex of new and old elements in the trend that Lu's 'Beibei Model' was to replace the honorable 'Little Shanghai' in Chongqing.