瘟疫与民间宗教——以林兆恩与三一教为例

Plague and Folk Religion: A Case Study of Lin Zhao'en and his "Three-in-One Religion (San Yi Jiao)"

嘉靖后期"倭寇"对莆田的严重破坏,导致该地发生持续多年的瘟疫流行,莆田大族林兆恩积极救治瘟疫、救济贫民,从而有效地遏制了瘟疫的流行。在这一过程中,三一学说逐渐演变为三一教。但林兆恩与政府的关系是合作和互补的,而不是对立的。源于西方历史经验的关于国家和社会二元对立的观点,对于中国历史现象的解释力是有限的。

In the late reign of the Emperor Jiajing, Putian had been ravaged for years by plagues caused by harassments of Japanese pirates. Lin Zhao' en, the head of an influential family in Putian, tried his best to put plague under control successfully by coping with plague and relieving the poor. During that time, although he had developed his 'Three-in-One Theory' gradually into 'Three-in-One Religion (San Yi Jiao, trinity or uniting Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism into one)', his relationship with the authorities was not opposed but cooperative and complementary. The concept of confrontation between state and society based on Western history seems not fit historical phenomenon in China very well in this case.