试论中国地方志的社会史资料价值

Value of Chinese Local Chronicles as Social History Data

作者结合教学与研究实践,从方法论和借鉴利用地方志研究成果的角度,探讨了中国地方志的社会史资料价值。分析了地方志的读法,地方志的体例与分类,并以风俗、建置为例,论述了方志分志的社会史资料价值。认为地方志是研究地域史、区域史的基本资料,是研究历史的重要切入点。地方志的史料价值,首先是体现在具有认识地方历史甚至更大历史的整体性上。随着区域史地域史研究的盛行,从方志入手具有了方法论的新意义,对于开展微观历史研究、基层社会研究、民众研究等具有重要价值。方志也是连接国家与社会的重要纽带,是透视二者关系的一个窗口。随着文化史与社会史的互相渗透,社会文化史兴起,重视人们对事物的看法,考察修志人员的观念,方志作为文本本身也成为研究的时象。

Based on personal teaching and researching,the author evaluates Chinese local chronicles in terms of histori- cal data in social history from methodological and utilitarian perspectives and analyzes their reading,styling and categoriz- ing.Value of local chronicles as social history data is also explored in the light of customs and administrative units.It is argues that they are not only basic data for local or regional historical study but also an important approach to historical study.Their data value is first seen in understanding the integration of local or even larger history.A new methodological value has been attached to the approach of local chronicles for studying of microhistory,basic society and common people ever since prevalence of local and regional history.They are also an important link between state and society as well as a window to show the relations between them.The texts of local chronicles themselves,too,haw become a subject of studying due to the fact that more attention has been paid to people's opinions to social affairs and compilers'conceptions because of the rise of sociocnltural history resulted from a combination of cultural history and social history.