试论清至民国宁化的民间经济纠纷及其解决

Civil Economic Disputes and their Settlements in Ninghua in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

清至民国时期,基层社会的许多领域仍然维持着民间自我管理的运作机制。在福建省宁化县的诸多族谱、契约中,记录了社会经济活动中发生的若干种民间经济纠纷(如以坟占山纠纷、盗葬纠纷、山场纠纷、房屋纠纷等)及其解决的过程。梳理这些史料,能帮助我们理解清至民国福建山区基层社会管理的模式,揭示国家行政机制与民间社会管理机制间相互连接的关系。由于民间社会的积极努力,官府机构摆脱了繁杂事务的困扰,因而能保持相对精练的状态,并达到稳定社会秩序的目的。

In the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,there were still operating mechanisms of civil self-administra- tion in many fields in basic society.Different kinds of economic disputes(such as those of occupying mountains with graveyards,robbing graves and those over property rights of mountain and house)generated in socioeconomic activities and processes of their settlements were recorded in many genealogies and contracts in Ninghua County,Fujian Province. It is helpful to explore those historical data in order to have a better understanding of administrative patterns in basic soci- ety in mountain areas of Fujian Province at that time and to reveal the relationship between governmental mechanisms and those of civil administrations in basic society.It is argued that it is because of those positive efforts from civil society that local governments could avoid troubles of complex affairs to maintain relative efficiency and to achieve the goal of stable social order.