由涣散到整合：国家、地方及宗族之内——以黄冈县郭氏宗族的形成与发展为例

Lineage Integration:State,Local Influences and Clan:A Case Study of the Guos in Huanggang County

本文以宗谱为线索,从1)国家政策、地方经济的变化与宗族间的关系;2)宗族内部的权威以及3)宗族边界的调整等三个方面探讨了明清时期黄冈郭氏宗族的组织化过程。本文指出:由于"权威的地方性",处于地方支配地位的不仅包括士绅,更有着其他拥有财势而又敢于任事的各种力量,他们共同左右着地方社会的运作;通过历次的修谱,宗族的边界得以不断地调整.血缘关系已不再是界定宗族的唯一条件了,某种特殊时候,在利益的驱动下,血缘关系甚至是可以忽略不计的,因此,考察宗族发展的历程,显然不能忽视利益因素的巨大影响力。

Based on genealogy,this article explores the process of lineage integration of the Guos in Huanggang County, Hubei Province,in the Ming and Qing dynasties from three perspectives:1.relationship between clan and changes of state policy and local economy;2.authority within clan;and 3.change of clan boundaries.It is argued that many domi- nant local influences,including not only gentlemen but also other forces that had wealth and dared to take responsibili- ties,run the local society jointly;that the elan boundaries changed gradually due to successive compiling of genealogy; that blood relatiomhip was not the only condition to identify a clan and blood relationship even could be ignored by inter- est motives in certain times;and that so interest considerations obviously sbouldn't be neglected when the integration of a clan is investigated.