从清宫医案看天花的防治——种痘与治痘

Prevention and Cure of Smallpox in Medical Records of the Qing Court:Vaccination and Cure of Smallpox

清宫医案,是清朝太医院太医为皇帝、后妃、皇家子女、太监、宫女、宫中侍卫等治病的记录,其中也有种痘以预防天花及为得天花者治疗的记载,非常详细。本小文主要以这种资料,介绍人痘种痘术的复杂情况,以及患天花者的不同症候,如何医治和不同结果,并联系相关情况,对当时这些医术的效果提出某些粗浅的认识。

Medical records of the Qing Court,made by the imperial physicians from the imperial hospital for the emper- or,empress and imperial concubine,imperial children,eunuch,palace maid and imperial bodyguard,also include records of vaccination and cure of smallpox and records for how to treat those who had smallpox in detail.Mainly based on those records,this paper introduces the complex methods of vaccination,various symptoms of smallpox patients,dif- ferent treatments and curative effects and provides an understanding of curative effects of medical skills at that time ac- cording to oiher relevant facts.