理学社会化与元代徽州宗族观念的兴起

Socialization of Neo-Confucianism and Development of the Idea of Lineage in Huizhou in the Ynan Dynasty

元代后期的徽州出现了宗族观念兴起的趋势。它不仅体现在地方精英的言论中,也表现为家谱编纂的普及和祭祖方式的变化。它是有元一代理学在徽州深入传播和地方社会结构变动相互作用的结果。元初对于科举的中止以及重视"出身"和注重"功利"的铨选方式,一方面产生了新的拥有世袭权力的地方豪强,另一方面也促使很多习儒者转而成为民间师儒,促进了理学的广泛传播,并使理学中独特的鬼神观广为人知,宗族观念也由此得到了内在的观念基础。而元代后期豪强世家对于理学的接受则最终刺激了理学社会化的实践。宗族观念在元代后期徽州的兴起正是这一系列因素作用下的结果。

The idea of lineage developed in Huizhou in the late Yuan Dynasty.Meaning of'Zu'(ancestor) was dis- cussed,genealogies were established,and rituals worshiping ancestors were improved as well.The prevalence d the idea of lineage resulted from interaction between the dissemination of Neo-Confucianism and the transfonnafion of the social structure in Huizhou at that time.The civil examination ceased in the first four decades of the Yuan Dynasty.New elites who were recruited in Huizhou for their loyalty and ability as tax farmers were different from the previous official literati. They had more privileges to inherit their power within their families.On the other hand,Confucians in Huizhou lost their channels ascending to the upper class and found mini teaching as their new careers.Neo-Confueianism had the opportu- nity to become popular in Huizhou and the Neo-Confueianized philosophy of ghost-ged was therefore to lay the base for the idea of lineage.In the late Yuan Dynasty the new generation of local elite like Zheng Yu and Zhao Pang were deeply soaked in Neo-Confucianism.They had the will and ability to socialize the value.The idea of lineage was just one of the proper samples.