明清时期的北方宗族与地方社会——以河南新乡张氏宗族为中心

North Clan and Local Society in the Ming and Qing Dynasties:The Case of the Zhang Clan in Xinxiang,Henan Province

张氏宗族是明朝永乐年间由山西洪洞迁居河南新乡的北方宗族。在明末清初时,凭借宗族内正确的教育方针。张氏族人开始科举仕宦,涌现出以张缙彦为代表的科举入仕之人,张氏也逐渐成为当地望族。本文以个案的形式,考察了张氏宗族在地方社会中的发展状况以及其进行的一系列宗族建设,并且注重研究兴盛后的张氏在地方社会中的影响,希望能使对北方宗族的研究进一步深化。

The Zhang clan in the north migrated from Hongtong,Shanxi,to Xinxiang,Henan,during the reign of the Emperor Yongle in the Ming Dynasty.The Zhang clan was a very prominent one in Xinxiang in the late Ming Dynasty. Several scholars d the Zhang clan,such as Zhang Jinyan,had passed the imperial examinations and were assigned high official positions due to proper family educational policy.So,the Zhang clan come to boom and compiled its first family tree.This article explores the development of the Zhang clan in local community and the construction of its strengthened clan system through case study in the hope of having a better understanding of the north clan.