清朝前中期苏州地区踹匠的存在形态

About Chuai Jiang (labor working on the last process of cotton cloth)in Suzhou in the Early and Middle Qing Dynasty

关于明清时代的劳动者的形态和评价已经有过很多研究。其中重点研究中一个是江苏省苏州地区踹匠层的研究。本论文中首先要探讨2万名踹布业劳动者踹匠从原居住地江宁、太平、宁国府为什么移民苏州。调查他们出身、性格,另外调查原居住地和苏州的经济条件,从而可以研究他们移民苏州的原因。本文认为他们在苏州地区变成踹匠之前可能与手工业毫无关系。在过去学者们研究中大部分都指出包头层是剥削者。本文认为这一点忽略了当时踹匠们从来没有从事手工业,因此对他们进行一定统治管理是必要的手段。关于包头层的研究也有类似村松佑次指出的包头层是为了建立劳动组织关系而形成的一层的研究。因此文章认为踹布业的包头层性格要重新研究。本文以清代苏州地区劳动者形成过程由居民定居过程来全面反映,刻画劳动者定居前和定居后的变化过程。

Many researches have been done on labors in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and evaluation of them.One of the focuses is Chuai Jiang (labor working on the last process of cotton cloth) in Suzhou,Jiangsu Province.This paper tries to find out why around 20 thousands Chuai Jiang had moved into Suzhou from their homes in Jiangning,Taiping and Jingguofu? Investigations have been done on their backgrounds and personalities as well as economic conditions of both their home places and Suzhou so that reasons of their moving into Sozhou could be found.The author points out that they might have nothing to do with handcraft industry before they become Chuai Jiang in Suzhou.h is accepted that Bao Tou (employer of Chuai Jiang) is an exploiter in most scholarship.But the author thinks that that point of view neglect the fact that Chuai Jiang has no experience in handcraft industry so it is necessary for them to be organized and managed. Maybe that is why some scholar argues that Bao Tou is a level of organization of labor.So,the author suggests that posi- tion and personality of Bao Tou be reexamined.This paper describes changes before and after settlement of labor in order to understand the whole process of formation of labor in Suzhou in the Qing Dynasty in terms of their migration.