清代“停丧不得仕进”论探析——兼及清代国家治理“停丧不葬”问题的对策

On"Ting Sang Bu De Shi Jin(no promotion of a scholar/official before burial of the dead relative)"in the Qing Dynasty:Countermeasure to"Ting Sang Bu Zang(no burial but keeping the corpse)"

清代学者面对严重的停丧不葬风气,借鉴前代经验,提出"停丧不得仕进"论,要求未葬其亲者,士人不许应试,官员不得服官。由于前代实行此制的社会条件及其针对的停丧不葬情形在宋代以后发生重大变化,而且"停丧不得仕进"操作困难,执行的社会成本过高,因此,此议虽被呈请御前建议实行,但终被以"事属难行"驳回。"停丧不得仕进"虽未上升为国家意志,却在个别地区实行过。清代国家治理停丧不葬问题的基本理念是劝化,劝导士庶及时葬亲,避免使用强制的手段。

Challenging the tradition of'Ting Sang Bu Zang(no burial but keeping the corpse)'in the Qing Dynasty, some scholars,drawing lessons from the past,suggested a policy of'Ting Sang Bu De Shi Jin(no promotion of a scholar /official before burial of the dead relative)',not allowing scholar whose dead relative not being buried to take part in imperial civil examination and official doing the same not to go to the office.But the suggestion was finally rejected,even though it had been submitted to the emperor,because great change had taken place in society since the Song Dynasty and it was'difficult to enforce'and might cost too much.Although it never been a national policy,it was put into practice in certain areas for a certain period of time.Generally speaking,the basic policy for this social problem in the Qing Dynasty was to persuade people to bury their dead relative as soon as possible in order to avoid forcing them to do that.