“小说学”论纲——兼谈20世纪中国古代小说理论批评研究

An Outline of “Fictionology" ——Also on Studies in the 20th Century on Fictional Theoretical Criticism in Ancient China

本文在深入把握 2 0世纪中国小说理论批评研究的基础上 ,提出了小说学研究的三个层面 ,即 :小说文体研究、小说存在方式研究和小说的文本批评 ,认为这三个层面构成了中国小说学研究的整体内涵。而我们以往的小说理论批评研究过于强调所谓的“理论思想” ,忽略了小说的存在方式研究和小说的文本批评。以“小说学”为观照视角一方面是为了突破以往的研究格局 ,同时更重要的是为了使小说学研究更贴近中国小说史的发展实际 ,将中国小说学研究与中国小说史研究融为一体 ,从而勾勒出更实在、更真切的古人对“小说”

Based on comprehensive knowledge of research on fictional theoretical criticism in China in the 20th century, this paper dwells on the three aspects of “fictionology': the style of fiction, the existential forms of fiction and fictional textual research. These three aspects comprise a holistic integration of fictional studies. Fictional theoretical criticism puts too much stress on so-called “theoretical thinking' to the neglect of studies on existential forms and textual criticism. The theory of “fictionology' is designed to break down the existing research scenario, and more importantly, make fictional studies closer to the reality of the history of Chinese fiction. Consequently, the integration of studies on “fictionology' and studies on the history of Chinese fiction will provide a clearer and more realistic picture of ancient studies on fiction.