计算语言学的理论方法和研究取向

Theoretical Methodology and Study Orientation of Computational Linguistics

本文从不同的研究取向的角度 ,对目前计算语言学的几种理论方法以及相应的语言处理技术进行比较研究。着重讨论工程主义、工具主义、认知主义、实证主义和逻辑主义五种研究取向 ,比较对人类知识和语言理解过程及相应的计算机模拟策略的几种不同的理论 ,分析其在具体的语言处理技术 (包括语法形式体系、语义表示体系、分析算法以至程序实现 )上的差异。希望对不同的理论方法与处理技术的效能和局限有一个比较清楚的认识 。

This paper makes a comparative analysis from different perspectives of research on several frequently used theoretical methods and their corresponding language-processing techniques in studies on computational linguistics. Focusing on the five research approaches: engineering science, instrumentalism, cognition, empiricism and logicism, it compares the relevant theories of human knowledge, the language comprehension process and computer imitation strategies, and analyzes their differences in specific techniques of language process. The purpose of this paper is to present a clear picture of the efficiency and limitations of various theories and processing techniques and to indicate some useful results.