教学需求与学风转变——近代大学史学教育的社会科学化

Teaching Demand and the Change in the Style of Study——The Tendency to Treat Historical Education as a Branch of Social Science in Colleges in Modern Times

20世纪前半叶中国的科学史学大致有史料与史观两条路径。新学制确立后大学史学系本科教学的迫切需求 ,使史学课程的设置一脉相承地体现了社会科学化的趋向。即使在整理国故的影响下 ,一度出现断代和专题化 ,综合史观依然大受欢迎。一些学人批评史料派的窄而偏与史观派的泛而浅 ,试图沟通。可惜由于教学和研究的不同需求而被强化的学派分歧 ,在不断变化的西潮涌动下难以协调。分立的学派不仅造成学术界的长期裂痕 。

There were roughly two approaches to historical studies in China during the first half of the 20th century: One focused on historical materials and the other on historical concepts. With the establishment of a new educational system, based on the urgent demand for historical teaching in colleges, historical courses were treated as a branch of social science. Despite the fact that the studies were limited to a particular period and subject to the influence of the idea of “reorganizing national heritage, comprehensive historical concepts were enormously popular. Some scholars criticized the school of historical materials for its narrowness, and the school of historical concepts for its shallowness, and tried to bridge the two. However, academic differences arising from different teaching and research needs were reinforced under the influence of Western schools of thought and could not be reconciled with each other. Separate academic schools not only resulted in a long rift in academic circles, but also aggravated ideological opposition between academic circles.