与神共在——海舍尔犹太教圣经观述评

Co-exist with A Review of A.J.Heschel's Ideas of Jewish Bible

海舍尔和现当代犹太教哲学家们强调圣经的价值和意义,认为西方哲学乃至西方文明患上一个病症,即与希腊思想亲近,而不与希伯来思想一脉相承。海氏独特地提出他自己的犹太教圣经神学思想。他认为,从圣约意义上的共在关系或神人伙伴关系来看,人透过圣经启示以及对启示作出回应来认识神。圣经信仰包括三个维度:神与世界的关系;圣经中的神与选民以色列之间的关系;神与人的行为之间的关系。人从这三种关系中感受到神的临在。海氏试图反驳人类中心主义和现代性的困境。但是,海氏的圣经神学面临几个问题,诸如,缺乏一贯坚持"惟独圣经"的立场,未解释沉默的神与神在世界上的临在之间的关系,未说明人如何可能通过遵守律法成为圣洁的人,等等。

A.J.Heschel and other contemporary Jewish philosophers have imposed emphasis on the values and significance of Hebrew Scriptures.Not even Western philosophy but also its civilization have a close relationship with the Greek thoughts rather than Hebrew thoughts were considered by them as one of the diseases.A.J.Heschel distinctively points out his own biblical theological thoughts. For him,from the perspective of the co-existence or fellowship of divinity and humanity in the sense of the covenant,human being can have knowledge of(?)' through the revelation in the Bible and his response to it so as to know God.For A.J.Heschel,biblical faith can conclude three aspects as follows:the relationship between God and the world,the relationship between God and the Israel as his selected,and the relationship between God and human being's behaviors.A.J.Heschel attempts to criticize the modernity and anthropocentrism.However,A.J.Heschel confronts with some issues.For example,he can not hold up the Solo Scriptura,explain the silence of God and his presence in the history or give further reason to account for how the sinner become holy through his or her sticking to the Jewish law.