摘要
背景:阿克拉女性健康研究目的是在城市成年女性的代表性样本中确定疾病负荷。方法:此项基于社区的调查研究利用2000年加纳普查资料中根据社会经济状况分层的二阶段整群概率样本来选择研究对象。调查包括了1328例女性的详细家庭情况调查以及医疗和实验室检查资料。以收缩压≥140mm Hg或舒张压≥90mm Hg来定义高血压。结果:确证了309例(23.7%)女性的高血压,其中只有52.5%的患者应用抗高血压药物治疗,仅4.4%血压正常。54.6%(712/1301)的女性血压测量结果升高。
Background: The Women’ s Health Study of Accra was conducted to determine the burden of illness in a representative sampling of adult urban women. Methods: This community-based survey selected study participants by a 2-stage cluster probability sample stratified by socioeconomic status based on the 2000 Ghanaian census data. It included a comprehensive household survey and medical and laboratory examination for 1328 women. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure measurement ≥ 140 mm Hg or a diastolic of ≥ 90 mm Hg. Results: A positive review of systems for hypertension was reported in 309(23.7% )with only 52.5% using anti-hypertensive medication and only 4.4% had a normal blood pressure. The blood pressure measurement was elevated in 712/1303(54.6% ). Significant risk factors for an elevated blood pressure included age ≥ 50 years(OR=14.24[10.74,18.8], p< 0.001); BMI ≥ 30.00(OR=2.89[2.26,3.70], p< 0.001); parity of three or more children(OR=5.16[2.90,9.19], p< 0.001); menopause before age 50 years(OR=5.88[1.11,31.17], p=0.037); elevated fasting blood glucose(OR=3.98[2.38,6.64], p< 0.001); elevated fasting cholesterol(OR=1.69[1.24, 2.30], p=0.001); no formal education(OR=2.75[1.70,4.43], p< 0.001) and first degree family history of hypertension(p< 0.001). There was no association with income level, diet or activity. Significant protective factors include young age, nulliparity, normal BMI, and a lower than normal fasting LDL-cholesterol. Conclusion: The prevalence of presumptive hypertension is greater than anticipated. Public health initiatives to increase awareness of hypertension and to initiate and maintain treatment regimens will serve to improve the health of the women and the urban community.
