涡河干流水污染时空分布特征与水质动态评价

Temporal-spatial Distribution Characteristics of Water Contamination and Dynamic Evaluation for Water Quality in the Guohe River

涡河是淮河流域严重污染的支流之一。对涡河干流主要污染参数NH3-N、BOD5、CODCr、TP、砷、氟化物的监测分析,表明涡河干流水污染具有显著的时空变化特征,污染参数表现为春季最高,秋季最低,由春季向秋季逐渐降低,然后又逐渐升高的"Ⅴ"字型变化规律,且在各采样断面各种污染参数季节变化特征具有较好的一致性。空间分布上表现为上游高、下游低,呈上游向下游逐渐降低的分布态势。模糊综合评价结果表明,涡河干流水污染严重,绝大多数河段全年为V类水质,已失去或大部分失去生活饮水和生产性用水的价值。涡河流域水资源严重污染及其时空分布特征,是流域自然过程与人为活动强干扰耦合作用的结果。

The Guohe River is one of the serious contaminated tributaries in the Huaihe catchment.By monitoring the main contamination parameters of NH3-N,BOD5,CODCr,TP,arsenic and fluoride in the Guohe river stem,the results showed that the mainstream of the Guohe river appeared the prominent temporal-spatial variety characteristic of water contamination.The contamination parameter values present the highest in spring,and the lowest in fall,and decreased gradually from the autumn to the spring,and then increased gradually.Moreover,various pollution parameters had the relatively consistent seasonal variety characteristic in all sampling transactions.The spatial distributions of contamination parameters were higher in the upstream than in the downstream,and decreased from the upstream to downstream gradually.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results indicated that the mainstream of the Guohe river was polluted seriously,and the water quality was the V class for a whole year at most of river segments in the Guohe river mainstream,which had lost the value for life or production.The serious water contamination in the Guohe river and its temporal-spatial distribution characteristic resulted from the coupling between the natural processes and the human activities in the catchments.