云南金沙江流域不同植被类型水源涵养能力分析

Analysis of Water Conservation Capacity of Different Vegetation Types in Jinshajiang Watershed of Yunnan Province

通过对金沙江流域不同植被类型的林分截流、渗透性能、持水能力及径流进行测定分析,结果表明:(1)林分的层次不同,持水能力也有较大差异,其中乔木层针叶林】针阔混交林】阔叶林;灌木层是灌木林】阔叶林】针阔混交林】针叶林;草本层针阔混交林】灌木林】阔叶林】针叶林;枯枝落叶层阔叶林】针阔混交林】灌木林】针叶林。(2)渗透系数以阔叶林和针阔混交林较强,针叶林和灌木林较差。(3)地表径流的径流深、径流系数及泥沙量均以余甘子灌木林最高,不同植被类型的地表径流总体上是针叶林】灌木林】针阔混交林】阔叶林,阔叶林地表径流和泥沙量均很小,基本上没有侵蚀。

The penetrability,current-interception capacity,water holding capacity and runoff situation of different vegetation types in Jinshajiang Watershed were analyzed.The results showed that:(1) the water holding capacity had the order as coniferous forest>coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest >broad-leaved forest in arbor layer,shrubbery>broad-leaved forest>coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest>coniferous forest in bush layer,coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest>shrubbery>broad-leaved forest>coniferous forest in herb layer,broad-leaved forest>coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest >shrubbery>coniferous forest in forest floor.(2) The infiltration rate of broad leaved forest,coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was higher than that of coniferous forest and shrubbery.(3)The runoff coefficient in the different vegetation types ordered as coniferous forest>shrubbery>coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest >broad leaved forest.However,the surface runoff depth,runoff coefficient and sediment quality of Phyllanthus emblica shrubbery were the highest,surface runoff quality and sediment quality of broad leaved forest were the lowest among those vegetation types.