冬春两性优质小麦辐射突变体的诱发与选育

AOSHUANG 1—A NEW MUTANT LINE OF WINTER WHEAT

通过快中子辐射冬小麦农大139,选育出短春化,发育快、早熟、抗寒、优质的突变系—傲霜一号。该品种秋播分蘖力强,越冬抗寒性强、早春播可正常抽穗。表现了良好的适应性。

A mutant line,Aoshuang 1,with excellent quality,early maturity and high winter hardness was developed by treating a winter wheat cultivar,Nongda 139,with fast neutron radiation and subsequent selection.This new mutant has almost the same isoenzyme zymogram of peroxidase as Nongda 139,except slight difference in a few bends,showing their genetic similarities.However,its vernalization demands(duration of low temperature)dif- fer from Nongda 139.Nongda 139 requires 0±1℃ for 30-40 days,while Aoshuang 1 requires 0±1℃ for on- ly 20 days.The mutant is 30-40 days earlier in maturity,showing higher adaptability.This was proved by the nationwide wheat ecological tests during 1982 to 1985 in several different wheat ecological regions with different climatic conditions.This study shows that wheat can be separated by fast neutron radiation,and gives a good ex- ample of combining the characters of short vernalization and high winter hardiness. The new mutant is also good in quality:high protein content,high zeleny sedimentation volume(10 ml high- er than the average value of the cultivars in China)and good breeding characters.