光弹性技术在曲轴设计中的应用

An Application of the Photoelastic Method in Crankshaft Design

曲轴是最重要的机械零件之一,它在柴油机、压缩机、冲压机等工程机械中得到广泛应用.由于它结构的特殊性,在过渡圆角处会产生较严重的应力集中,因此,如何合理设计曲轴一直是设计者十分关心的课题.本文系统地阐述了光弹性技术在曲轴设计中的应用,分别介绍了对曲轴在弯曲、扭转载荷作用下如何进行光弹性应力分析,还分析了大型组装曲轴所引起的附加应力.文中提供了结果,特别是根据九十一个曲轴光弹模型试验结果所得的曲轴应力集中系数(又称形状系数)列线图,对曲轴的设计是颇有价值的.

Crankshaft is one of the most important mechanical parts. It is widely used inmechanical engineering. In this paper the photoelastic method is successfully used to study thedistribution of the stress in crankshafts subjected to bending and torsion respectively. Besides,the techniques to analyse stresses in the dangerous section of a crankshaft and in a builtup crank are also presented. The results obtained have been applide to crankshaft design.