林木抗病育种的主要途径及存在问题

Principal Approaches to and Existing Problems in Forest Tree Breeding for Disease-resistance

六十年代以来,国外林木抗病育种研究,通过种源选择、家系选择、无性系选择,引入抗性基因,杂交育种,以及相关性选择的途径,取得了显著成绩。最突出的欧洲落叶松日本落叶松杂交获得杂种优势;从欧美杨中选育出杨树优良品种I—214;荷兰榆树抗病品种也已育成,这些都已在生产上推广应用,湿地松、火炬松抗梭锈病育种也获较显著成果。抗病育种是一种安全、经济、有效的防护措施,但是林木抗病遗传机理研究尚未取得到确切结果,林木的抗病性是变化的,病原也会产生变异,至今能提供给生产上的抗病品种为数不多,致使此项工作进展缓慢。

Since the 1960 s forest tree breeding for disease resistance s achieved significant results tbrough provenance selection, progeny selection, clone selection, resistant gene introduction, cross breeding and correlation sele- ction. The most pominant examples are the vigorous hybrid between Larix decidua and L. leptolepis, the poplar cv. 1--214 from European-Amerian cottonwood, and the disease-resiztant elm cv. Holland elm, all have been released into production. The breeding of Pinus elliottii and Pinus taeda resiztant to Cronartium fusiforme has also accomplizhecl remarkable resu- lts. Therefore, breeding for disease--resistance is believed to be a safe, economic and efficient way to control forest disease. However, due to the foct that the mechanism of resistance inheritance is still unknown,and the susceptibility of trees is changing, and the pathogen is varying, all these impede the progress of breeding for disease resistance, few resistant tree varieties have been released.