爱玉及其传粉昆虫的共生关系

A Study of Symbioses between Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang and Wiebesia pumilae

爱玉是榕属攀援灌木 ,其隐头花序中生活着薜荔榕小蜂。爱玉一年两次开花 ,雌雄株比 1:2 ,雌花序中平均有 5 5 0 3朵雌花 ,雄花序中平均有 6 30 8朵瘿花 ,自然状态下结实率和成虫瘿率分别为 83.5 2 %、5 1.33%。薜荔榕小蜂一年两代 ,1只雌蜂进入花序平均可产约 6 0 0个卵或使 1391朵雌花受粉结实。爱玉依赖薜荔榕小蜂传粉 ,否则不能结实 ;薜荔榕小蜂是惟一能进入花序的传粉者并依靠爱玉花序得以栖息。二者在形态结构、生理功能上高度互适 ,生活史上完全吻合衔接 ,生态策略上紧密协调 ,构成复杂而又精细的共生体系。

Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang belongs to a kind of climbing shrubs in Ficus, and in its syconium lives Wiebesia pumilae. F. pumila var. awkeotsang blooms twice a year, and the number of its female and male tree is in the ratio of one to two. In the female syconium there are averagely 5503 flowers; in the male syconium averagely 6308 ones; under the natural condition its fruit bearing and gall producing rates are 83 52% and 51 33% respectively W. pumilae have two generations in a year, one female wasp who enters the syconium can averagely lay 600 eggs or make 1391 female flowers pollinated so that they bear fruits. F. pumila var. awkeotsang depends on the pollination of the W. pumilae, otherwise it can not bear any fruit. W. pumilae are the only insect that can enter the syconium pollinating and living there. They suit each other quite well in their structure and physiological function, have a complete joint in their life cycle synchronism, closely coordinate one another in the ecological strategy, and form a complex, delicate mutualism system.