矮化砧不同利用方式对苹果树根群分布及生育的影响

The effection of different usage method of dwarfing on distribution of root system and growth and development of apple trees

在深达 5 0～ 60 cm的有效土层中 ,研究了矮化砧 M2 6不同利用方式对富士苹果树根群分布及生育的影响 ,结果表明 :1 M2 6作中间砧用时因栽植深度不同 ,富士苹果树的根鲜重、干重均增加 ,树势健壮 ,T/ R也高 ;2 M2 6作砧木用的长度不同 ,富士苹果树地下、地上部生长各异。砧木长度短的根鲜重、干重比砧木长度长的增加 ,T/ R率下降 ,但矮化效果不明显 ;3根群的水平分布 ,栽植深度深的主要集中在距主干 80～ 1 0 0 cm的范围内 ,栽植浅的集中在距主干 60～ 80 cm范围内。砧木长度长的主要集中在 5 0～ 60 cm范围内 ,砧木长度短的主要集中在 70～ 80 cm范围内 ,两种方式的根群水平分布行间大于株间 ;4根群垂直分布主要集中在 0～ 60 cm的土层中 ,占根系总量的 96%以上 ,根群密集区分布于 2 0～ 40 cm的土层中 ,占总根量的 70 %以上。

In the effective soil layer 50~60 cm in depth.The influence of the dwarfing stock M26 in different usage on the root distribution and growth and development of Fuji apple trees.The study paper indicate that:① In different planting depth when M26 were as interstock.The root fresh weight and dry weight produce obviously difference,and T/R ratio were also different.With deeper planting,both the root fresh weight and dry weight were increased.The growth vigor were healthy,T/R ratio was increased;② With different length of stock M26,the different growth between the part of the Fuji apple tree under ground and exposed above the ground.Both the root fresh weight and dry weight of the shorter stock were increased much more than those are as longer stock. T/R ratio was decreased,but dwarfing effective change was not obviously;③ The level distribution of the root system was that deeper planting of which were mainly concentrated in 80~100 cm area around stem,while the shallow planting were mainly concentrated in 60~80 cm area around stem,the longer stock and shorter stock were mainly distributed in 50~60 cm and 70~80 cm range stem respectively.The level distribution of root system in both methods above were in space between rows more than in space between trees;④ The vertical distribution of root system mainly concentrated within soil layer 0~60 cm in depth,more than 96% of the root weight was found within a depth of 20~40 cm.its partition was more than 70% of total root weight.