略论农业现代化、农村现代化和农民现代化

A Brief Discussion on Agricultural Modernization,Rural Modernization and Farmer's Modernization

农业现代化实践中提出了农村现代化和农民现代化。由于农业、农村、农民都处在历史性演变中 ,既有相同的又有不同的目标和发展轨迹 ,使它们难以完全涵盖在同一概念中。农村现代化的首要特征是农业现代化 ,但前者不能替代后者 ,不仅因为后者是四个现代化之首 ,也因为现代农业产业系统已越出农村的范围。而农村现代化还包含农村工业化、城镇化、环境优化、经济体制优化、政治民主化和农村富裕化等。农民现代化是农业、农村现代化的条件和归宿 ,它包含农民素质和农民物质、精神生活的大幅度提高以及农民非农化和多元结构。所以“三农”仍然是密不可分的。农业现代化应有狭义和广义之分。狭义的是指农业产业的现代化 ,广义的还应包括农村现代化和农民现代化。

Rural modernization and farmer's moderization are put forward in the practice of agricultural modernization.The three modernizations, because of the fact that agriculture, rural areas and farmers are all experiencing the historic evolution, which have both similar and different goals and developmental orbits, are difficult to completely contain in the same concept. The most important feature of rural modernization is agricultural modernization, but the former can not take the place of the latter,for the latter ranks the first among the Four Modernizations, besides,the modern agricultural industry system has gone beyond the range of rural area. Also, rural modernization includes rural industrialization, urbanization, environmental optimization, economic system optimization, political democratization, rural prosperity and so on.Farmer's modernization is the premise and inevitable outcome of agricultural modernization,which contains the improvement of farmer's qualities and their material and cultural life, farmer's freedom from agriculture,and the rural pluralistic structure as well.Therefore,the“Three Modernizations”Connot be separated from each other. Agricultural modernization should be used in abroad and a narrow sense.The agricultural modernization in a narrow sense refers to the modernization of agricultural industry while the agricultural modernization in a broad sense should include rural modernization and farmer's modernization.