司法介入足球“黑哨”的刑法分析

A penal code analysis of judicial intervention in football “black whistle”

“黑哨”的本质是权钱交易 ,符合受贿罪的行为特征 ,理应受到刑事处罚。足球裁判在中国足协这个社会团体工作 ,足球裁判权是合同上的权力 ,不是国家权力 ,这是由奥林匹克运动试图独立于法律的传统与体育的内在要求所决定的 ,得到了包括我国在内的多数国家法律的尊重。所以 ,足球裁判既不是国家工作人员 ,又不是公司、企业人员。因此 ,依我国现行刑法 ,足球裁判不能构成受贿罪与公司、企业人员受贿罪。这是刑法的漏洞 ,不能通过法律解释得到解决。及时修正刑法 ,扩大受贿罪的主体范围 ,是当务之急。

The nature of “black whistle” is the trade between money and power. It can be convicted as bribery and deserves criminal sanction. As staff of the Chinese Football Association,a social organization,football judges have power from the contract rather than from the country. This is decided by the Olympic attempt to be independent of the law and the inner needs of sports,recognized by law of most countries including China. Therefore,football judges are neither state functionary,nor staff in companies or enterprises. According to contemporary Chinese penal code,football judges blowing “black whistle” cannot be convicted of bribery or bribery of companies and enterprises. This is a loop of penal code without solution from legal explanation. It is urgent to make amendments to penal code and enlarge the range of conviction of bribery.