为什么是道德的?

Why Be Moral?

一个人追求美德 ,是因为美德就其自身来说 ,虽然是对他的某些欲望和自由的压抑、侵犯 ,因而是一种害和恶 ;但就其结果和目的来说 ,却能够防止更大的害或恶和求得更大的利或善 ,因而是净余额为利的害 ,是必要的害 ,说到底 ,也就是一种真正的利 :美德乃是一个人利己的最根本、最重要的手段。把美德作为利己的最根本最重要的手段的人 ,逐渐地 ,便会因美德不断给他莫大利益而日趋爱好美德、欲求美德 ,从而便为了美德而求美德 ,使美德由手段变成目的。

One pursues virtues,because as far as virtues themselves are concernde,though they are a kind of suppression and violation of certam desires and freedom,and thus a kind of harm and evil,they can prevent greater harm or evil and lead to greater benefit or goodness as far as the results and purposes are concerned.Therefore,virtues are a harm whose net surplus is benefit,a necessary harm,or,in a word,a real benefit.Virtues are the most fundamental and important means of benefiting oneself.Virtues constantly benefit him and in turn he loves and pursues more virtues.Thus he pursues virtues for the sake of virtues and in this sense virtues have changed from a means to an end.