实践理性的自然基础——中国哲学对意识能动性的理解

The Natural Basis of Practical Reason: Chinese Philosophy's Understanding of the Initiative of Consciousness

人性即意识能动性 ,中西哲学的根本区别在于对意识能动性反思规定的不同方向和结果。西方哲学把人的意识能动性理解为超越感觉经验的理论理性的能动性 ,形成了西方哲学理性主义形而上学传统。中国哲学把人的能动性理解为超越禽兽的道德理性的能动性 ,形成了中国哲学的道德形而上学传统。中国道德形而上学的合理性及其世界意义在于 ,人的满足自身生存的自然需求就内在地包含着实现自身的界限和规则 ,即“良知”、“良能” ,从而实现了性与理、天与人的内在统一。

The basic difference between Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy lies in the different direction and different outcome in the understanding of initiative of consciousness. Western philosophy takes the initiative of consciousness of human beings as the theoretical reason which surpasses the sense experience to form the Western philosophy's rationalist metaphysical tradition, while Chinese philosophy takes the initiative of consciousness of human beings as the ethical reason which surpasses the animal behavior to form the Chinese philosophy's ethical metaphysical tradition. The rationality and the world significance of Chinese ethical metaphysics is that human beings'natural need to exist inherently includes the realization of self bounding and rules, and to further realize the inherent unity of reason and sense, nature and human beings.