浅论马克思对无产阶级历史使命的最初论证

Tentatively on Marx's First Argument \;for the Proletariat's Historical Mission

无产阶级作为资本主义社会的掘墓人 ,在马克思的学说中占有十分重要的地位。过去理论界对这一问题研究很多 ,但大多局限于经典作家已有的结论上。笔者认为 ,马克思对无产阶级历史使命的最初论证 ,不是从无产阶级的处境开始然后寻找无产阶级解放的途径 ,而是以德国古典哲学的人本主义和异化理论为依据 ,从人怎样获得解放的问题开始 ,进而在探求人的解放中发现了无产阶级及其历史使命。只有对无产阶级进行纵向理论分析 ,即探讨马克思对无产阶级历史地位和历史使命的全面论证的过程 ,才能对当代无产阶级的理论问题有深刻的认识。

The view that the proletariat is the gravedigger of the capitalist society occupies a very important place in the theory of Marxism. Up to now, the academic circles have made an extensive study of it. However, most of the studies are restricted to the conclusions made by some classics. Marx' initial proof of the proletariat's historic mission does not originate from a study of the proletariats' situation and then seek ways to liberate them. Rather it comes from a discussion on how human beings can liberate themselves, based on humanism and alienation of Germany classical philosophy. It is right in the process of this discussion that Marx finds out the proletariat and its historical mission. Therefore, the author holds that only through a vertical analysis of the proletariat's development, namely a discussion on the complete process of how Marx process the historical position and the historical mission of the proletariat, can we have some profound knowledge of the theoretical problems of the contemporary proletariat.