韩愈天命观的文学意义及其对诗学思想的影响

Of Han Yu's Tianming Guan (attitude toward Heaven's will over man): Literary implication and Impact on Poetics

韩愈虽然没有完整意义上的关于天命问题的系统理论 ,但他着重从“天人相仇”的角度充分说明了人类怨天情绪产生的现实根源 ,为文人诗家抒写因人生坎坷而引发的愤懑之思提供了独特的理论依据。受此影响 ,韩愈的不少诗歌作品在抒发感激怨怼之气的同时 ,往往诉及上天 ,从而强化了其作品的情感力量和批评是非颠倒的社会现实的力度 ,并且深刻地影响着韩愈诗学审美思想的形成 ,改变其观察社会、审视自然的眼光和心态 ,改变了历来诗家重在刻画自然之美的创作传统。

We are hardly to recognize that Han Yu bore the holism of destiny. Yet he had often applied the view that nature is at enmity with man to interpret how and why that man is so changeable in his feeling and thought; the feeling of groaning, sighing and cursing fate from which, he thought, men of letter and poets drawn their inspiration. We find in Han Yu's poems that he gives expression the feeling of resentment and conveys to Heaven his appeal, simultaneously. This would strengthen the power of moving feelings and make greater intensity of criticism which he was in the attempt to voice in his works. We are hardly to recognize that Han Yu bore no idea of predestination. It was this outlook with which Han Yu looked at the world, social and physical, before him, and, especially, the picture of nature he depicted is different to that of the predecessors who valued up on portraying the beauty of nature.