中国8O年代杂交稻种子生产技术的进步

Advances on Hybrid Rice Seed Prodution Techniques in 1980's of China

1989年和1980年相比,中国杂交稻制种面积没有扩大,但平均单产增加了2倍,种子纯度大约上升5个百分点。种子生产技术的进步,主要表现在保证花期相遇的父母本播差及调节技术;安全花期的确定;育秧技术的改进和父母本配置;肥水运筹和防治病虫害;“九二○”施用技术的改进;亲本异交性状的改良。同时“三系七圃法”原种生产技术的普及和布局控制为基础的安全隔离,是提高种子纯度的主要关键。

Chinese hybrid rice seed yield has increased from less than 0.6751/ha. in 1980 to over 1.95t/ha. in 1989. Seed purity has increased by 5-8% over the last decade, getting 97% in 1989.This paper analysed the progress of seed production techniques in following six aspects in functional sequence.1. Sowing intervals of male and female parents and heading date adjustment techniques needed for synchronization of flowering.2. Selection of optimum flowering season.3. Techniques of raising seedings, row ratio, row direction and planting patterns of male to female parents.4. Gibberellin application techniques.5. Irrigation and fertilizer management, diseases and insects control.6. Improvement of outcrossing rates of male sterile lines.The rise of hybrid seed purity owes largely to the improvement of seed production system, to the execution and popularization of 'three lines with seven plots' original seed production techniques and reliable isolation based on overall arrangement.In future, the increase of hybrid rice seed yields will depend on the extension of techniquse established, reduce the phenomena of serious disequilibrium of seed yields in different places. It can be expected that the development of CMS lines or photo-sensitive male sterile lines possessing good outcrossing rate and good grain quality. the overcome of sprout-before—harvest on CMS line plants. the improvement of plant hormone application techniques, and the effective control of rice kernel smut will be the important research subjects for continued high, stable yield of hybrid rice seed production in the corning ten years.