利用太谷显性雄性核不育基因Tal选育小麦新品种初报

Preliminary Report on the Application of Taigu Genic Male-sterle Gene Ta1 to Wheat Breeding

太谷雄性不育基因Tal,是小麦遗传改良极为有用的工具,利用它特别适于多亲本聚合杂交和轮回选择育种。经过几年的研究,已初步育成一批各具特色的优良新品种和新种质。通过抗赤霉病基因库建拓育成了长江8809、长江8863、TFSL037、长江8807、长江8810、长江8862等,产量比对照扬麦5号增产或相当,抗赤、抗锈性明显优于扬麦5号,对赤霉病抗扩展性达抗病(R)级,大多对白粉病、纹枯病及湿害还兼具较好抗耐性,株高80～90cm,抗性与丰产,矮秆结合较好。经复合杂交育成的长江8877(红壳)和长江8877(白壳)平均亩产400公斤左右,比扬麦5号增产100公斤左右,籽粒白皮,容重较高。通过简单杂交育成的长江8802、长江8853和长江8897,各具特异优良性状。长江8802白皮抗穗发芽,长江8853早熟优质,长江8897特早熟大穗大粒,品质好。

Some superior cultivars, strains and genetic resources with desirable characteristics have been bred by utilizing Taigu genic male-sterilegene Tal, an available tool of wheat genetic improvement found at Taigu County, Shanxi Province, China in 1972, in wheat breeding programmes of NAU. Changjiang 8809, Changjiang 8863, Changjiang 8807, Changjiang 8810, Changjiang8862, TFSL037, etc. developed through recurrent selection during the development of the gene porl with improved resistance to scab in wheat, have high yield potential, semi-dwarf plant height, scab-resistance and tolerancet other diseases and waterlogging. High-yielding strains Changjiang 8877 (red-glume) and Changjiang 8877 (white-glume), selected from the progeny of the complex cross Ta Yangmai 4/P117//Ta Zongkang77-2 Ning 8017, showed 38.66% and 32.09% higher than the check cultivar Yangmai 5 in grain yields respectively. Changjiang 8802 with white seedcoat and resistance to pr(?)-harvest sprouting, Changjiang 8853 with early maturity and good quality, and Changjiang 8897 with early maturity, high spike grain weight and good quality were developed from the simple.crosses Ta Ningmai 3/Ning 7840, Ta Ningmai 6/S. G. D. and Ta Ningma(?) 4/Mianyang 11, respectively.