陆地棉野生种系的种子特性分析

Analysis on Seed Characteristics of Gossypium Hirsutum L. Race

对8个陆地棉野生种系的种子形态,油分含量和粗蛋白含量、及水速率和耐盐性等性状与3个栽培品种进行了比较分析。结果表明,野生种系的种子普遍较小,并且变异大。种子油分和粗蛋白含量变幅大,分别为23.15～39.80%和28.83～39.31%。野生种系间种子的吸水速率和到达吸水高峰的时间存在着显著的差异,这与野生种系存在着一定程度的硬实种子有关。palmeri全是硬实种子,mexicanum,richmondi和yucatanense的硬实率分别为30.0%、26、6%和23.3%。野生种系的耐盐性在12%Nacl浓度时差异较为明显,其中punctatum,morrilli和marie—galante的耐盐性较强;mexicanum,latifolium和yucatanense的耐盐性与3个栽培品种相近。这说明在野生种系中筛选耐盐性强的材料是完全可能的。陆地棉野生种系(Gossypium hirsutum L.race)是棉花育种工作中重要的种质资源。自80年代初从陆地棉原产地墨西哥引入这些野生种系以后,关于它们的生物学特性和抗病性等性状,国内已作了一些研究分析。资料表明它们的变异类型丰富,分别具有抗病、抗虫和优质纤维等可供利用的性状和特性。本试验以8个野生种系的种子为材料,研究种子的形态特征和吸水发芽的能力,并以3个栽培品种的种子为对照进行比较,借以了解陆地棉野生种系的种子生物学特性,为育种提供依据。

The morphological characters, oil and protein content, water uptake rate salt tolerence of seed in eight races of G. hirsutum were compared and analyzed with three cultivars. Reesuh(?)eeds of G. hirsutum races were general small and also signifleant variation in size. The oil and protein content of seeds, were in a large variance scope among the races with 23. 15-39.80% and 28.83-39.31%, respectively. Water uptaking speed and water uptaking peak of seed were also significant difference among the races. This may be concerned with hard seed existed in some races. seed of race palmeri was completely hard seed, while mexicanum, richmondi and yucatanense were with 30.0,26.6 and 23.3 percent hard seed, respectively. Salt tolerence appeared quite different when the concentration of Nacl was 1.2%. Punctatum,motrrilli and marie-galante were with highly salt toleronce, while mexicanum latifolium and yucatanenae were similar with that of three cultivars. This indicated it was possible to sereen highly salt tolerent materials from G. hirsutum races.