民族主义与领土

Nationalism and territory

本文从讨论民族与民族主义的概念入手 ,强调民族的想象与族群的想象之差别在于前者以建立民族国家为目的 ;民族主义是一种政治运动 ,而政治现代化的中心特征就是主权与边界国家的发展 ,以期成为相互竞争之国家体系中的一员。无论是生物的基本需求还是民族国家的政治需求都使民族主义与领土问题交织在一起。领土是族群怀有特殊情感的土地 ,国家则在领土范围内行使其基本职能 ,主权是在“民族领土”内部运作的。所谓民族国家就是把“民族”与“国家”这两个概念 ,加上主权的因素结合而成。由于民族主义的目的就在于建立具有主权的民族国家 ,而没有领土 ,主权将丧失意义 ,因此 。

Starting with the discussion on concepts and definitions of nation and nationalism, this article stresses the difference between what imagined by a nation and the imagination by an ethnic group lies in the former’s aiming at the founding of the nation-state; nationalism is a kind of political movements, and the key character in political modernization is embodied in the development of sovereign and abordered states, each of which wants to become a member of the system of nations. Both the biological basic needs and the political requirements of a nation-state cause nationalism to interweave with territory problems. Territory is the land towards which the ethnic group(s) cherish(es) special feelings, while a state exercises its functions and powers within the range of its territory, the sovereignty is operated within the “nation’s territory”. The so-called nation-state is a compound integrating the two con-cepts of “nation”and “state ”with the factor of sovereignty.Since nationalism’s purpose is the nation-state with sovereignty, and, without territory sovereignty would lose its significance, thus it is only natural that various national conflicts have always involved the factor of territory.