智能材料的应用综述

General survey to application of intelligent materials

未来社会发展的趋势是智能化 ,智能化的首要问题是大力发展智能材料 ,智能材料的研究是材料科学研究的重要方向 .智能材料的本质特征是材料具有仿生功能 ,即材料能根据感受到的信息而自动判断、控制和调整以适应外界条件变化 .诱人的智能时代正向我们走来 ,为了迎接智能时代和促进社会生活智能化进程 ,材料工作者必须加倍努力 .本文介绍了智能材料与系统 (结构 )的基本概念 ,较全面地概述了智能材料在航空航天、科学技术、国防军事、生物医药、建筑建设、日常生活等各方面的应用 。

The trends of coming society are intellectualization. The essential issue of intellectualization is to develop intelligent materials vigorously. The study of intelligent materials is a crucial direction of material science. The main characteristic of intelligent materials is bionics functions. That is, it can judge, control, and adjust itself automatically to adapt the change of the external environment according to accepting information. The captivating future of intelligence times is coming to us. To meeting the challenge of intelligence times and to promote the process of intellectualization of social life, the materials investigation workers must do our redouble efforts. In this paper, the basic conceptions about intelligent materials and systems/constructures are introduced. The applications of intelligent materials in aviation and space flight, science and technology, national defenses and military affairs, biology and medicine, building and construction, and daily life are surveyed comprehensively. The bright application future and developing trends of intelligent materials are approached.