明代蒙古的黄毛与红帽兀良哈

Huangmao (Yellow Hair) and Hongmao (Red Hat) Wuliangha: Mongols in the Ming Dynasty

兀良哈是明代蒙古的一个重要部落。本文对 2 0世纪以来的相关研究做了述评 ,认为对兀良哈的研究已经取得了很大的进展 ;同时 ,进一步对漠北兀良哈的分布提出了自己的看法 ,指出以往有的研究将漠北兀良哈只当成由守卫不儿罕山成吉思汗葬地的兀良哈千户发展而来观点 ,是不全面的 ,其居地和组成应当更为宽广 ;又根据史料和前人研究 ,对漠北和漠西北黄毛兀良哈及红帽兀良哈的分布、其体质人类学和文化方面的问题提出了个人见解。

This paper makes a centennial review of the study on the Wuliangha, an important tribe of the Mongol in the Ming Dynasty, pointing out that great progress has been made in this field. At the same time, the author gives his opinion on the distribution of the Wuliangha in Mobei (north of the Gobi desert). The author does not think it a comprehensive viewpoint that the Wuliangha in Mobei was developed from the Wuliangha who guarded the tomb of Genghis Khan in the Burhan Mountain. Its original living place or composition should be more extensive. Furthermore, the author, in the line of historical literature and earlier researches, sets forth his opinions on the distribution and physical and cultural features of the Huangmao (Yellow Hair) Wuliangha and the Hongmao (Red Hat) Wuliangha in Mobei and Moxibei (northwest of the Gobi desert).