试论美国文化多元性的成因与特征

A Tentative Study of Causation and Characteristics of American Cultural Plurality

美国文化从它的创造主体分析是一种移民文化。它在美国经过初步形成、成熟定型进入当前的多元文化发展阶段。美国移民的多“源”性决定了这种文化在民族认同基础上具有鲜明的多元性。影响移民文化形成发展的三个主要要素是:移民祖籍国的文化传统、移民与新环境的斗争以及在此过程中不同族裔移民间的融合。它对美国的双重影响,既有“海纳百川”的包容性与杂交性,也可以成为某些美国社会问题产生的变化因素。

In the perspective of its contributors American culture is a kind of immigrant culture, which initially came into being during 1607 - 1783, fixed its characteristic pattern from 1783 to the end of the Second World War, and entered a new multicultural stage after 1950's. The three major elements in its formation include traditions of immigrants' original countries, confrontations between immigrants and their new environments, and melting of varied immigrants. Such a kind of culture has dual effects on America, making the nation absorb quintessence of diverse cultures in the world as well as leading to certain social problems.