油气微生物勘探法

Microbiological Prospecting of Oil and Gas

本文叙述了油气微生物勘探(MPOG)的发展历史,系统总结了MPOG的理论基础,包括MPOG的原理、物理-化学基础、微生物学基础及其理论模型,简述了MPOG的方法流程。根据国内外MPOG实践经验,论述了MPOG不受地下复杂地质条件的影响,特别适合于非构造油气藏等的主要特点,详细讨论了MPOG受油气藏性质、地层压力等影响因素,并列举了德国、美国及中国的成功实例,最后论述了MPOG的发展趋势。实践证明,采用国外研究机构—高校—油田三结合的方式是引进国外先进技术的有效途径。同时,重视培养和造就一批地质学—微生物学或微生物学、地质学多学科专门人才,发展中国自己的成套地质生物技术,必将对我国大幅度提高油气勘探成功率产生深远的影响。

This paper makes description of the development history for microbiological prospecting of oil and gas (MPOG) and summarization of the MPOG theoretical basis including the MPOG principle, the physics-chemistry basis, the microbiological basis and the theoretical model. It also briefs about the process of MPOG method. Based on the MPOG practice and experience both at home and abroad, the paper elaborates that MPOG, free from the influence of the underground complicated geological conditions, is particularly suitable for the non-structural oil and gas reservoirs. The paper discusses in detail the factors influencing MPOG, such as the properties of oil and gas reservoir and the formation pressure, giving some successful examples in Germany, the United States and China. The article finally predicts the development trend for MPOG, The practice confirms that the combination of foreign research institutions, universities and oil fields is an effective way for introduction of foreign advanced technologies. Meanwhile, importance will be attached to cultivation of multi-disciplinary talents for geological microbiology or microbiology and geology for the purpose to develop China's own geological biological technology. Such efforts will inevitably exert far-reaching influence on significant increase of the oil and gas exploration success rate in China.