试论优美与崇高的区别

On the Differences Between Elegance and Sublimeness

优美是一个比较古老的概念 ,崇高则是近代美学研究的产物 ;优美的哲学基础是朴素的辩证法 ,崇高的哲学基础是机械的形而上学 ;优美在于审美主客体的和谐统一 ,是审美主体借助审美客体对自身本质力量的积极肯定与实现。崇高偏于审美主客体的冲突对立 ,是客体对主体的实践和人的本质力量的辨证否定以及主体精神的充分高扬 ;优美是内容和形式的和谐 ,崇高则是内容压倒形式 ;优美偏于感官的快适和情感的愉悦和谐。崇高是一种矛盾的混合情感 ,在痛感之中有快感 。

Elegance is a very ancient concept, while sublimeness is a product of modern aesthetic studies. The philosophical foundation of elegance is naive dialectics, while that of sublimeness is mechanic metaphysics. Elegance consists in the harmony of aesthetic subject and object; it is the subject' positive affirmation and realization of its own essential strength by means of the esthetic object. Sublimeness emphasizes conflict and contradiction between the subject and the object; it is the object's practice of the subject and an dialectic negation of man's essential strength and lifting the subject's spirit. Elegance is harmony of form and content while in sublimeness the content overwhelms the form. Elegance emphasizes the sensual pleasure and emotional pleasure and harmony, while sublimeness is a mixed feeling of contradictions, with its pleasure derived from pain and its freedom from restriction.