隐实示虚,设难成趣:汉语特殊造词方法——以哈尔滨方言为例

Conceal the Truth to Show the False,Create Difficulties to Make Words More Interesting: a Special Word-Formation in Chinese——On Harbin Dialect

汉语中有一批趣难词。即把词的真实用字有意隐蔽 ,而以谐音的虚假字形代替 ,使词义的表达变得困难而有奇趣。这实际上是汉语独有的一种造词方法 :隐实示虚 ,设难成趣。这类词表现了人民群众的创造智慧和语言的生动活泼 ,但却未曾有人研究。这类词来源于各地方言 ,近、现、当代文学作品多有用之。本文以哈尔滨方言为例作基础性的论证。

There are some interesting and difficult words in Chinese .These words are formed by concealing the true words and using homophonic false words instead,making the meaning of words more difficult and interesting to be expressed .That is ,in fact it is an unique word formation in Chinese:conceal the truth to show the false ,create difficulties to make words more interesting .These words have displayed the creative intelligence of people and the vivification and vigour of language,but no one has studied them.The words come from the dialects used in different parts of the country. Many writers in modern and contemporary times have used them .This article will make an elementary demonstration based on Harbin dialect.