惯用语的定义与熟语的分野

The Definition of Habitual Expressions and Division of Idiomatic Phrases

熟语包不包括惯用语和常用语 ,应该怎样给惯用语下定义 ,这些都是语言学家们多年遗留下来的难题。根据惯用语和常用语的特点 ,它们应该属于熟语的范畴 ,所以熟语应该包括成语、谚语、格言、歇后语、惯用语、常用语六种。关于惯用语的专著文章虽然不少 ,但是其定义或宽或窄 ,或避而不谈 ,绕着道走。惯用语是与成语、谚语、格言、歇后语并列的 ,语法结构不同于通常的语言习惯 ,或整体意义不同于字面意义的熟语。常用语是语法搭配符合常规 ,字面意义和整体意义完全吻合的三字格熟语。它是语言学的术语 ,非口语中通常所说的经常用的语言。

The problems as regards whether idiomatic expressions include habitual expressions and frequent speech,how habitual expressions should be defined remain unsolved and keep puzzling linguists for decades.In view of their characteristics both of them belong to the category of idiomatic expressions.That is why many scholars divide idiomatic expressions into six classes,namely,set phrases,proverbs,mottoes,wisecracks,habitual expressions and frequent speech.However its definition finds no clear boundaries and some linguists just avoid the topic.Habitual expressions,set phrases,proverbs,maxims and wisecracks all belong to idiomatic expressions,the grammatical structures of which differ from ordinary usage with disagreement in integrated and literal meanings.While frequent speech refers to idiomatic expressions with usual grammatical collocations and identical literal and integrated meanings.It is not what we usually mean by 'freguently used phrases' in colloquial English,but a special term in linguistics.