韦伯的新教伦理与儒教伦理比论

Weber's Comparative Study of Protestantism Ethics and Confucian Ethics

韦伯的新教伦理与儒教伦理的比较是韦伯世界宗教经济伦理比较的重点和核心 ,它由新教伦理与儒教伦理根本价值取向的比较和具体价值观念的比较两部分构成 ,前者主要通过禁欲主义与神秘主义、伦理先知与楷模先知、责任伦理与信念伦理等比较范畴体现出来 ,后者则可概括为根除巫术与容忍巫术 ,人性本恶与人性本善 ,天人对抗与天人合一 ,改造世界与适应世界 ,积极自制与消极自制 ,工作伦理与自然伦理等方面。韦伯的新教伦理与儒家伦理比较观既有相当的理论建树和可取之处 ,也存在着不少错谬乖戾之处 ,需要我们加以理性的批判总结和清理。

The comparative study of Protestantism ethics and Confucian ethics forms the core of Weber's world religion economy ethics with regard to the basic values and the concepts of values. Protestantism ethics advocates asceticism and mysticism, ethic prophet and model prophet, ethics of duty and faith whereas Confucian ethics stresses the ambivalence of witchcraft prohibition and tolerance, intrinsic evil and good nature of the human kind, the confrontation and harmony of man and nature, world reform and adjustment, active and inactive self control, ethics of work and nature, etc. Weber's comparative study has made quite a few theoretic achievements as well as many fallacies and errors. We must adopt a rational but critical attitude toward his studies.