黑河干流中游地区耗水量变化的历史分析

The Analysis of the Historical Water Consumption Quantity Changes in the Middle Reaches of the Mainstream of Hei River

黑河流域水资源极其匮乏 ,加之地区上的配置不均衡和中游地区水土资源的过度开发 ,导致黑河下游出现了严重的生态环境问题 ,已影响到我国北方广大地区生态环境质量 ,受到国家的高度重视和全社会的广泛关注。黑河水资源开发利用主要集中在中游地区 ,该区是全国重要的商品粮、蔬菜和经济作物生产基地之一 ,耗水量占流域耗水量的 85 %以上 ,是黑河的主要耗水区和径流利用区。利用黑河上游控制站莺落峡站和中游控制站正义峡站水文资料 ,分析了黑河中游耗水量的变化 ,结果表明 :2 0世纪 80年代以前黑河中游耗水量在 4.4亿m3 左右 ,比较稳定 ;进入 2 0世纪 80年代以后 ,耗水量明显增加 ,80年代耗水量比 70年代以前增加了 1.97亿～ 2 .49亿m3 ;90年代耗水量又比 80年代增加了 1.64亿m3 左右。 80年代以来流域耗水量呈明显增加的趋势 。

Water resource is extremely scarce in the Hei River Basin area. Due to the over and uneven development of the water and soil resources in the middle reaches of the Hei River, it has caused serious ecosystem and environment problems in the lower reaches of the Hei River and it has affected the quality of ecosystem and environment in the vast northern area of our country and thus has aroused the highly attention from the government and the whole society. the water resource development of the Hei River is concentrated on the middle reaches, and this area is one of the important economic grains, vegetables and crops production base and the water consumption is accounted for more than 85% of the total water consumption in the whole basin area, and it is the main water consumption area and the runoff utilization area. Through the hydrological data collected from the Yingluoxia control station in the upper reaches and the Zhengyixia control station in the lower reaches, we analyzed the changes of water consumption quantity, and the result shows that the water consumption in the middle reaches of the Hei River before the 1980s was about 440 million m 3 and it was relatively stable; after the 1980s, the water consumption has increased considerably, water consumption in the 1980s has increased by 197 million m 3 to 249 million m 3 over the 1970s; and in the 1990s it increased by about 164 million m 3 over the 1980s. It is because of the impact of human activities that caused the trend of increase in water consumption in the Hei River basin since the 1980s.