中国古代文学研究路径与方法的新思考

Reflections on the Approaches and Methods in the Study of Ancient Chinese Literature

从历史事实出发推衍文学与考察文学作品中的历史文化情状的传统研究路径与方法 ,使得古代文学研究一开始便具有厚重的历史感、实证感 ,成为史学日益扩大的分枝 ,文学在这一领域始终处于第二位置。这种研究对象地位失落是史———文———史的学术思维路径与以实证为宗的研究方法的直接结果。鉴于此 ,本文意在探讨一种从文本语义分析入手 ,以形式结构分析为核心 ,从形式结构依次探寻隐含于其内的情感结构、心理结构、人性发展情状 ,最终凝视文学价值本身的由内而外再由外而内的学术路径和以分析为主的研究方法 ,并从理论与文学实例的分析中初步说明这一路径。

The traditional method fo drawing inferences from historical facts and examining the historical cultural state has made the study of ancient literature loaded w ith a strong flavor of checking history or historical facts. It seems to have be come another branch of the study of history while literature has remained in a s econdary position. This misplacement of the research target is due chiefly to th e academic pattem of history-literature-history. It is also due to the researc h approach which takes ascertaining facts as the key. Therefore, this paper aims to find a different research approach, which starts from the analysis of the se mantics of the text, takes the analysis of the form and structure as they key, e xplore step by step from the form and structure to the innate sentimental and ps ychological structure and the development of human nature, and finally examine t he literary value itself both inwardly and outwardly. This paper also offers som e examples and a preliminary exposition of the frame and feasibility of this app roach by means of theoretical and practical analysis of some samples.